emmet使用方法
Emmet uses syntax similar to CSS selectors for describing elements’ positions inside generated tree and elements’ attributes.
Elements
You can use elements’ names like div
or p
to generate HTML tags. Emmet doesn’t have a predefined set of available tag names, you can write any word and transform it into a tag: div
→ <div></div>
, foo
→ <foo></foo>
and so on.
Nesting operators
Nesting operators are used to position abbreviation elements inside generated tree: whether it should be placed inside or near the context element.
Child: >
You can use >
operator to nest elements inside each other:
1 2 |
<span class="erlang"><span class="keyword">div</span>>ul>li</span> |
…will produce
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">ul</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">ul</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></span> |
Sibling: +
Use +
operator to place elements near each other, on the same level:
1 2 |
<span class="erlang"><span class="keyword">div</span>+p+bq</span> |
…will output
1 2 3 4 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">p</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">p</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">blockquote</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">blockquote</span>></span></span> |
Climb-up: ^
With >
operator you’re descending down the generated tree and positions of all sibling elements will be resolved against the most deepest element:
1 2 |
<span class="erlang"><span class="keyword">div</span>+<span class="keyword">div</span>>p>span+em </span> |
…will be expanded to
1 2 3 4 5 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">p</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="title">span</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">span</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="title">em</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">em</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">p</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></span> |
With ^
operator, you can climb one level up the tree and change context where following elements should appear:
1 2 |
<span class="erlang"><span class="keyword">div</span>+<span class="keyword">div</span>>p>span+em^bq</span> |
…outputs to
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">p</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="title">span</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">span</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="title">em</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">em</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">p</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">blockquote</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">blockquote</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></span> |
You can use as many ^
operators as you like, each operator will move one level up:
1 2 |
<span class="erlang"><span class="keyword">div</span>+<span class="keyword">div</span>>p>span+em^^^bq</span> |
…will output to
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">p</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="title">span</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">span</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="title">em</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">em</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">p</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">blockquote</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">blockquote</span>></span></span> |
Multiplication: *
With *
operator you can define how many times element should be outputted:
1 2 |
<span class="http"><span class="attribute">ul>li*5</span> </span> |
…outputs to
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">ul</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">ul</span>></span></span> |
Grouping: ()
Parenthesises are used by Emmets’ power users for grouping subtrees in complex abbreviations:
1 2 |
<span class="erlang"><span class="keyword">div</span>>(header>ul>li*<span class="number">2</span>>a)+footer>p</span> |
…expands to
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">header</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">ul</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="title">a</span> <span class="attribute">href</span>=<span class="value">""</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">a</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="title">a</span> <span class="attribute">href</span>=<span class="value">""</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">a</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">ul</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">header</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">footer</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">p</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">p</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">footer</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></span> |
If you’re working with browser’s DOM, you may think of groups as Document Fragments: each group contains abbreviation subtree and all the following elements are inserted at the same level as the first element of group.
You can nest groups inside each other and combine them with multiplication *
operator:
1 2 |
<span class="lisp"><span class="list">(<span class="title">div>dl></span><span class="body">(<span class="title">dt+dd</span>)<span class="variable">*3)+footer>p</span> </span></span></span> |
…produces
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">dl</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">dt</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">dt</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">dd</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">dd</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">dt</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">dt</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">dd</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">dd</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">dt</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">dt</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">dd</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">dd</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">dl</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">footer</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">p</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">p</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">footer</span>></span></span> |
With groups, you can literally write full page mark-up with a single abbreviation, but please don’t do that.
Attribute operators
Attribute operators are used to modify attributes of outputted elements. For example, in HTML and XML you can quickly add class
attribute to generated element.
ID and CLASS
In CSS, you use elem#id
and elem.class
notation to reach the elements with specified id
or class
attributes. In Emmet, you can use the very same syntax to add these attributes to specified element:
1 2 |
<span class="delphi"><span class="keyword">div</span>#header+<span class="keyword">div</span>.page+<span class="keyword">div</span>#footer.class1.class2.class3</span> |
…will output
1 2 3 4 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span> <span class="attribute">id</span>=<span class="value">"header"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"page"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span> <span class="attribute">id</span>=<span class="value">"footer"</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"class1 class2 class3"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></span> |
Custom attributes
You can use [attr]
notation (as in CSS) to add custom attributes to your element:
1 2 |
<span class="ini"><span class="setting">td[title=<span class="value"><span class="string">"Hello world!"</span> colspan=<span class="number">3</span>]</span></span></span> |
…outputs
1 2 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">td</span> <span class="attribute">title</span>=<span class="value">"Hello world!"</span> <span class="attribute">colspan</span>=<span class="value">"3"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">td</span>></span></span> |
- You can place as many attributes as you like inside square brackets.
- You don’t have to specify attribute values:
td[colspan title]
will produce<td colspan="" title="">
with tabstops inside each empty attribute (if your editor supports them). - You can use single or double quotes for quoting attribute values.
- You don’t need to quote values if they don’t contain spaces:
td[title=hello colspan=3]
will work.
Item numbering: $
With multiplication *
operator you can repeat elements, but with $
you can number them. Place $
operator inside element’s name, attribute’s name or attribute’s value to output current number of repeated element:
1 2 |
<span class="ruby">ul>li.item<span class="variable">$*</span><span class="number">5</span></span> |
…outputs to
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">ul</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item1"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item2"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item3"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item4"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item5"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">ul</span>></span></span> |
You can use multiple $
in a row to pad number with zeroes:
1 2 |
<span class="ruby">ul>li.item<span class="variable">$$</span><span class="variable">$*</span><span class="number">5</span></span> |
…outputs to
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">ul</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item001"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item002"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item003"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item004"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item005"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">ul</span>></span></span> |
Changing numbering base and direction
With @
modifier, you can change numbering direction (ascending or descending) and base (e.g. start value).
For example, to change direction, add @-
after $
:
1 2 |
<span class="perl">ul>li.item<span class="variable">$@</span>-<span class="variable">*5</span></span> |
…outputs to
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">ul</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item5"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item4"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item3"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item2"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item1"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">ul</span>></span></span> |
To change counter base value, add @N
modifier to $
:
1 2 |
<span class="perl">ul>li.item<span class="variable">$@</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="variable">*5</span></span> |
…transforms to
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">ul</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item3"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item4"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item5"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item6"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item7"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">ul</span>></span></span> |
You can use these modifiers together:
1 2 |
<span class="perl">ul>li.item<span class="variable">$@</span>-<span class="number">3</span><span class="variable">*5</span></span> |
…is transformed to
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">ul</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item7"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item6"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item5"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item4"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item3"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">ul</span>></span></span> |
Text: {}
You can use curly braces to add text to element:
1 2 |
<span class="http"><span class="attribute">a{Click me}</span> </span> |
…will produce
1 2 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">a</span> <span class="attribute">href</span>=<span class="value">""</span>></span>Click me<span class="tag"></<span class="title">a</span>></span></span> |
Note that {text}
is used and parsed as a separate element (like, div
, p
etc.) but has a special meaning when written right after element. For example, a{click}
and a>{click}
will produce the same output, but a{click}+b{here}
and a>{click}+b{here}
won’t:
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
<span class="xml"><span class="comment"><!-- a{click}+b{here} --></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">a</span> <span class="attribute">href</span>=<span class="value">""</span>></span>click<span class="tag"></<span class="title">a</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="title">b</span>></span>here<span class="tag"></<span class="title">b</span>></span> <span class="comment"><!-- a>{click}+b{here} --></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">a</span> <span class="attribute">href</span>=<span class="value">""</span>></span>click<span class="tag"><<span class="title">b</span>></span>here<span class="tag"></<span class="title">b</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">a</span>></span></span> |
In second example the <b>
element is placed inside <a>
element. And that’s the difference: when {text}
is written right after element, it doesn’t change parent context. Here’s more complex example showing why it is important:
1 2 |
<span class="bash">p>{Click }+a{here}+{ to <span class="keyword">continue</span>}</span> |
…produces
1 2 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">p</span>></span>Click <span class="tag"><<span class="title">a</span> <span class="attribute">href</span>=<span class="value">""</span>></span>here<span class="tag"></<span class="title">a</span>></span> to continue<span class="tag"></<span class="title">p</span>></span></span> |
In this example, to write Click here to continue
inside <p>
element we have explicitly move down the tree with >
operator after p
, but in case of a
element we don’t have to, since we need <a>
element with here
word only, without changing parent context.
For comparison, here’s the same abbreviation written without child >
operator:
1 2 |
<span class="bash">p{Click }+a{here}+{ to <span class="keyword">continue</span>}</span> |
…produces
1 2 3 |
<span class="xml"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">p</span>></span>Click <span class="tag"></<span class="title">p</span>></span> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">a</span> <span class="attribute">href</span>=<span class="value">""</span>></span>here<span class="tag"></<span class="title">a</span>></span> to continue</span> |
Notes on abbreviation formatting
When you get familiar with Emmet’s abbreviations syntax, you may want to use some formatting to make your abbreviations more readable. For example, use spaces between elements and operators, like this:
1 2 |
<span class="lisp"><span class="list">(<span class="title">header</span><span class="body"> > ul.nav > li<span class="variable">*5) + footer</span> </span></span></span> |
But it won’t work, because space is a stop symbol where Emmet stops abbreviation parsing.
Many users mistakenly think that each abbreviation should be written in a new line, but they are wrong: you can type and expand abbreviation anywhere in the text:
https://docs.emmet.io/abbreviations/syntax/